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National Meteorological Library
and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5 – White Christmases
Are you dreaming of a White Christmas?
Snow at Christmas is deep-seated in British culture, and many of us long for the likes of the
scenes depicted on traditional Christmas cards and in works like Dickens' 'A Christmas
Carol' or 'Pickwick Papers'.
The interest in snowy Christmases has its origins in the colder climate of the period 1550-
1850 when Britain was in the grip of a 'Little Ice Age'. Winters were particularly persistent
and severe - 1813/14 was the last winter that a 'frost fair' was held on the River Thames in
London.
© Dr P.A. Smithson
Figure 1. Snow scene.
For most parts of the United Kingdom, Christmas comes at the beginning of the season for
snow. Wintry weather is more likely early in the deepening cold of January. White
Christmases were more frequent in the 18th and 19th centuries, even more so before the
change of calendar in 1752 which effectively brought Christmas day back by 12 days.
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

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© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases
What is a White Christmas?
For many a White Christmas means a complete covering of snow, ideally falling between
midnight and midday on the 25th.
However, the definition used most widely, notably by those placing and taking bets, is for a
single snow flake (perhaps amongst a shower of rain and snow mixed) to be observed
falling in the 24 hours of December 25th.
Christmas weather – will it or won’t it snow?
The likelihood of snow falling depends on many factors, principally latitude and height
above sea level. Not all of us can live in the highlands of Scotland and falls of sleet or snow
over low-lying areas area usually confined to between November and April. However, there
have been isolated falls as late as June.
Even if falls in December are possible, there is no guarantee that snow will 'stick'. On days
snow is falling, the temperature of the air above the ground sometimes remains above
freezing point - so the snow does not lie for long.
The last time we had a White Christmas with snow falling across the United Kingdom was
2004, although large parts of southeast England missed any significant falls. 1995 was also
a good year for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and northern England.
Climate change has brought higher average temperatures over land and sea in recent
years and this generally reduces the chances of a White Christmas. However, the natural
variability of the weather will not stop cold, snowy winters happening in the future. In fact, in
terms of widespread sleet/snow falling across the United Kingdom on Christmas Day,
between 1971 and 1992 there was only one year (1980), whereas in the years 1993 to
2003 there were five such occasions.
Recent events around the United Kingdom
There follows details of recent White Christmas events (snow/sleet on 25th December) at
nine locations in the UK.
The locations are:
• London
• Brimingham
• Glasgow
• Aberdeen
• Aberporth
• Bradford
• Belfast
• Lerwick
• Newquay (St Mawgan)

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Key:
Sleet (combination of Rain and Snow)
Snow
London: 10 White Christmases since 1900
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
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Updated: August 2007
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National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases
1916
-
1927
Yes
1938
Yes (15 cm)
1956
-
1964
-
1968
-
1970
Yes
1976
-
1981*
No
Yes (from earlier falls)
1996
-
1999
-
*1981 is included in this table because, although not strictly speaking a White Christmas going by the
standard definition, there was a covering of snow on the ground resulting from falls on previous days.

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Birmingham: 9 White Christmases since 1940
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1950
-
1956
Yes (9 cm)
1968
Yes (10 cm)
1970
Yes (2 cm)
1981*
No
Yes (10 cm from earlier falls)
1990
-
1993
-
1999
-
2000
-
2004
-
*1981 is included in this table because, although not strictly speaking a White Christmas going by the
standard definition, there was a covering of snow on the ground resulting from falls on previous days.
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

Page 5
Glasgow: 10 White Christmases since 1918
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1923
Yes
1925
Yes
1927
-
1938*
No
Yes (from earlier falls)
1956
-
1962
Yes
1963
Yes
1964*
No
Yes (from earlier falls)
1966*
No
Yes (from earlier falls)
1970
-
1980
Yes
1995*
No
Yes (6 cm from earlier falls)
1999
-
2000
-
*These years have been included in this table because, although not strictly speaking a White Christmas
going by the standard definition, there was a covering of snow on the ground resulting from falls on previous
days.
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

Page 6
Aberdeen: 15 White Christmases since 1942
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1953
-
1954
-
1956
-
1961
-
1963
Yes (3 cm)
1964
Yes (4 cm)
1965
-
1966
-
1968
-
1976
-
1981
Yes (5 cm)
1993
Yes (13 cm)
1995
Yes (13 cm)
2000
-
2004
-
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

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Aberporth: 5 White Christmases since 1941
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1956
-
1964
Yes (1 cm)
1970
-
1993
Yes (0.5 cm)
1995
-
Bradford: 5 White Christmases since 1971
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1981*
No
Yes (22cm from earlier falls)
1993
-
1995
-
1999
-
2000
-
2004
-
*1981 is included in this table because, although not strictly speaking a White Christmas going by the
standard definition, there was a covering of snow on the ground resulting from falls on previous days.
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

Page 8
Belfast: 11 White Christmases since 1927
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1927
-
1956
-
1963
Yes
1964*
No
Yes (8 cm from earlier falls)
1965
-
1968
Yes (5 cm)
1980
-
1993
--
1995
Yes (1 cm)
1998
-
1999
-
2004
-
*1964 is included in this table because, although not strictly speaking a White Christmas going by the
standard definition, there was a covering of snow on the ground resulting from falls on previous days.
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
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National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

Page 9
Lerwick: 19 White Christmases since 1957
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1957
-
1960
-
1961
-
1962
-
1964
Yes (6 cm)
1965
Yes (13 cm)
1966
Yes (2 cm)
1968
-
1974
-
1975
No
Yes (3 cm form earlier falls)
1976
-
1978
-
1980
-
1981
Yes (6 cm)
1985
-
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
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National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

Page 10
Lerwick continued...
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1988
-
1993
No
Yes (5 cm from earlier falls)
1995
Yes (32 cm)
2000
-
2001
-
2004
Yes (1 cm)
*1975 and 1993 have been included in this table because, although not strictly speaking a White Christmas
going by the standard definition, there was a covering of snow on the ground resulting from falls on previous
days.
St Mawgan: 5 White Christmases since 1957
Year
Snow/sleet Falling
Snow lying
1961
-
1964
-
1990
-
2000
-
2004
-
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases

Page 11
© Crown Copyright
Updated: August 2007
Met Office
National Meteorological Library and Archive
Fact sheet No. 5:
White Christmases
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Other titles in this series still available:
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• Number 6 – The Beaufort Scale
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• Number 12 – National Meteorological Archive
• Number 13 – Upper air observations and the tephigram
• Number 14 – Microclimates
• Number 15 – Weather radar
• Number 16 – World climates